WHO recommends that every pregnant woman make a written birth and emergency plan. It may sound formal, but in practice it is a short list of decisions that can greatly reduce stress when labour begins.

What the plan includes

1. Where to give birth. WHO recommends giving birth in a healthcare setting with skilled staff: complications during childbirth are not always predictable, and a maternity hospital or birth centre has staff, supplies, medicines, and referral options if needed. Learn about your chosen place in advance: rules, visiting policy, and what to bring.

2. How to get there. Plan the main route and a backup route, during the day and at night. Who will drive? If you do not have a car, save numbers for 24-hour taxi services. If you live far away, discuss moving closer 2-3 weeks before the due date.

3. Money. Set aside money for transport, birth-related costs, and unexpected expenses so you do not have to think about costs during labour.

4. Who will be with you. WHO recommends a companion of choice during labour and childbirth. Support can reduce stress and improve the birth experience. Choose your companion and check your hospital or birth centre's rules for birth partners.

5. Who will help at home. If you have older children or pets, arrange who will care for them while you are away giving birth.

6. Documents. Pregnancy records, ID, insurance documents, and test results should be kept in one folder next to your hospital bag. From about 30 weeks, it is helpful to carry your pregnancy records with you.

When to make it

Start discussing the plan with your healthcare provider during third-trimester visits and aim to complete it by 36 weeks. Labour can start before the due date.

Discuss the plan with family

In an urgent situation, close family may need to help make decisions. They should know where to go, whom to call, and where your documents are.

Confirm the details of your plan with your healthcare provider and chosen maternity hospital or birth centre.